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Top: Science: Technology: Cybernetics
| Please submit only resources that are at least partly in English. Sites in other languages should be added to the appropriate category under /world. |
Cybernetics, the theory of intercausal networks underlaying communication and organization processes in dynamical systems, forms a metatheoretical superstructure for individual subdisciplines as systems theory, communication theory, connectionism or decision analysis. Yet, applied cybernetics serves as auxiliary science for practical fields as biology, psychology, medicine and technology. Complementary to this sectoral segmentation cybernetics can be classified into several layers. The inner layer is formed by general theoretical cybernetics (K1) that finds its concretization in the investigation of the realities (K2). Among the K2 the above mentioned subdisciplines (as general systems theory, control theory, information theory or game theory) are to be counted. Practical applications of cybernetics (biological cybernetics, control systems technology, computer science etc.) fall into the external layer (K3). Founded by von Foerster 'Second-order cybernetics' denotes a progressive intellectual movement within cybernetics and systems thinking that reached fruition in the 1970's. The most common explanation for the movement's agenda is that it turned the principles of cybernetics upon cybernetics itself. In second-order cybernetics, the observer of a system must be described and explained as well as the system observed. Practicability and consistent links to microtheories of the applied sciences are critical for the K3's success.
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This category covers Education of Cybernetics, NOT Cybernetics of Education! |
Educational Resources for Cybernetics.
General concepts and theories.
Application Layer K3
Cybernetics related Journal, Books and other publications, online or offline.
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The transdisciplinary nature of second-order cybernetics (and its proponents) means that relevant information might be found in many different fields. This Open Directory category should maintain a focus on second-order cybernetics (as opposed to the other related fields). Please take a moment to consider whether your submission is most closely related to second-order cybernetics itself, or to another field (e.g., biology, linguistics). If it seems more relevant to another field, please consider submitting it to that field's category. |
'Second-order cybernetics' denotes a progressive intellectual movement within cybernetics and systems thinking that reached fruition in the 1970's. The most common explanation for the movement's agenda is that it turned the principles of cybernetics upon cybernetics itself. In second-order cybernetics, the observer of a system must be described and explained as well as the system observed.Key thinkers affiliated with second-order cybernetics include: von Foerster, Pask, Maturana, Varela, and Spencer Brown.
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